• Acanthoceras H. Honigmann, 1909 [Family: Chaetocerotaceae]
• Acanthoceras Kützing, 1842 accepted as Ceramium Roth, 1797 [Family: Ceramiaceae]
• Acanthoceras Neumayr, 1875 † [Family: Acanthoceratidae]
• Acanthoceras azoricum (Meneghini) Kützing accepted as Ceramium azoricum Meneghini accepted as Ceramium echionotum J.G. Agardh, 1844
• Acanthoceras dalmaticum (Meneghini) Frauenfeld accepted as Ceramium dalmaticum Meneghini
• Acanthoceras echinophorum (Meneghini) Frauenfeld
• Acanthoceras echionotum (J.G. Agardh) Kützing
• Acanthoceras fleuriansianum (d'Orbigny, 1840) †
• Acanthoceras madeburgensis Hongimann, 1910
• Acanthoceras magdeburgense Honigmann accepted as Acanthoceras zachariasii (Brun) Simonsen
• Acanthoceras oxyacanthum Kützing
• Acanthoceras rhotomagensis (Defrance in Brongniart, 1822) †
• Acanthoceras shuttleworthianum Kützing, 1842 accepted as Ceramium shuttleworthianum (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847
• Acanthoceras transcurrens Kützing accepted as Ceramium echionotum J.G. Agardh, 1844
• Acanthoceras zachariasii (Brun) Simonsen