• Acanthosphaera Duan, 1984 † (accepted > junior homonym) [Phylum: Animalia incertae sedis, Family: ]
• Acanthosphaera Ehrenberg, 1858 [Phylum: Retaria, Family: Actinommidae]
• Acanthosphaera Lemmermann, 1899 [Phylum: Chlorophyta, Family: Chlorellaceae]
• Acanthosphaera S.N. Naumova, 1968 † (accepted > junior homonym) [Phylum: Acritarcha, Family: ]
• Acanthosphaera Warburg, 1907 accepted as Naucleopsis Miquel in C.F.P. Martius, 1853 [Phylum: Tracheophyta, Family: Moraceae]
• Acanthosphaera actinota Haeckel, 1860
• Acanthosphaera acufera Haeckel, 1860
• Acanthosphaera cambriensis Naumova, 1968 †
• Acanthosphaera castanea Haeckel, 1887
• Acanthosphaera dodecastyla Mast, 1910
• Acanthosphaera pinchuda Boltovskoy, 1980
• Acanthosphaera tenuis Haeckel, 1887
• Acanthosphaera tenuispina Korshikov
• Acanthosphaera tenuissima accepted as Acanthosphaera actinota Haeckel, 1860
• Acanthosphaera tunis Haeckel accepted as Acanthosphaera tenuis Haeckel, 1887
• Acanthosphaera zachariasii Lemmermann, 1899