• Microcoleus Desmazières ex Gomont, 1892 [Family: Microcoleaceae]
• Microcoleus Hong, 1982 † [Family: Elateridae]
• Microcoleus acremannii Casamatta & Johansen, 2005
• Microcoleus acutirostris Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus acutissimus Gardner, 1927
• Microcoleus amorphus Wolle ex Drouet, 1939
• Microcoleus amorphus Wolle, 1887 accepted as Microcoleus amorphus Wolle ex Drouet, 1939
• Microcoleus amplus N.L. Gardner, 1927
• Microcoleus anguiformis Harvey
• Microcoleus annulatus F.E. Fritsch
• Microcoleus antarcticus Casamatta & Johansen, 2005
• Microcoleus aurantiacus (Kützing) Hansgirg ex Hansgirg, 1892 accepted as Symplocastrum aurantiacum (Hansgirg ex Hansgirg) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus aurantiacus (Kützing) Hansgirg, 1887 accepted as Symplocastrum aurantiacum (Hansgirg ex Hansgirg) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus aurantiacus Hansgirg ex Hansgirg, 1892 accepted as Symplocastrum aurantiacum (Hansgirg ex Hansgirg) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus autumnalis (C. Agardh) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium autumnale (C. Agardh) Trevisan ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus baicalensis Izhboldina
• Microcoleus biasolettianus (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium biasolettianum Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus boryanus (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Lyngbya boryana (Kützing) Kirchner ex Hansgirg, 1892
• Microcoleus brasiliensis Borge, 1925
• Microcoleus brunneus Hong, 1982 †
• Microcoleus burmanicus (Zeller) Desikachary, 1959
• Microcoleus californicus Drouet
• Microcoleus cataractarum Hansgirg, 1890
• Microcoleus cavanillesii P. González Guerrero, 1945
• Microcoleus chthonoplastes (Mertens) Zanardini, 1840
• Microcoleus chthonoplastes Gomont, 1892 accepted as Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes (Gomont) M. Siegesmund, J.R. Johansen & T. Friedl, 2008
• Microcoleus chtonoplastes (Mertens) Zanardini
• Microcoleus codii Frémy
• Microcoleus confluens Setchell & N.L. Gardner, 1918
• Microcoleus corium (C. Agardh) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium corium (C. Agardh) Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus corymbosus Harvey, 1858 accepted as Gardnerula corymbosa (Harvey) De Toni, 1936
• Microcoleus cryophilus Carlson, 1913
• Microcoleus curvatus Meneghini, 1842 accepted as Lyngbya curvata (Meneghini) Rabenhorst ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus delicatulus W. West & G.S. West, 1896
• Microcoleus erectiusculus Starmach, 1960 accepted as Trichocoleus erectiusculus (Starmach) Anagnostidis & Komárek, 2001
• Microcoleus evagineus P. González
• Microcoleus ferrugineus Frémy
• Microcoleus floccosus (Hauck) Hauck, 1885 accepted as Hydrocoleum floccosum (Hauck) Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus fonticola (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium fonticola Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus friesii (C. Agardh) Thuret, 1875 accepted as Symplocastrum friesii (Gomont ex Gomont) Kirchner, 1898
• Microcoleus glaciei Johansen & Casamatta, 2005 accepted as Wilmottia murrayi (W. West & G.S. West) Strunecký, Elster & Komárek, 2011
• Microcoleus gracilis Hassall, 1845
• Microcoleus granulatus Tutin
• Microcoleus grisea Thuret ex Bornet & Flahault
• Microcoleus hospitus Hansgirg ex Gomont, 1892 accepted as Trichocoleus hospitus (Hansgirg ex Gomont) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus hospitus Hansgirg, 1890 accepted as Trichocoleus hospitus (Hansgirg ex Gomont) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus howellii Setchell & Gardner, 1937
• Microcoleus irriguus (Kützing) F.E. Drouet, 1968
• Microcoleus ivlevii Cado
• Microcoleus lacustris Farlow ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus lacustris Rabenhorst
• Microcoleus lauterbachii Schmidle, 1896
• Microcoleus leptodermus (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium leptodermum Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus limbatus (Harvey) Bornet, 1888
• Microcoleus limicola (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium limicola Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus lucidus (C. Agardh) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium lucidum Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kützing) P.L. Crouan & H.M. Crouan, 1867 accepted as Planktothrix planctonica (Elenkin) Anagnostidis & Komárek, 1988
• Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium lyngbyaceum Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus lyngbyei (Kützing) P. Crouan & H. Crouan, 1867
• Microcoleus majusculus C.K. Tseng & M. Hua
• Microcoleus manshuriense Noda
• Microcoleus membranaceus Kützing ex Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium autumnale (C. Agardh) Trevisan ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus meneghinianus (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium meneghinianum Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus minimus Frémy, 1930 accepted as Trichocoleus minimus (Frémy) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus muelleri (Nägeli) Gomont, 1886 accepted as Symplocastrum muelleri (Nägeli ex Gomont) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus paludosus Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus pannosus (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Oscillatoria pannosa Bory de Saint-Vincent ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus papyrinus (Bory) Kützing ex Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Lyngbya membranacea (Kützing) Thuret ex Hansgirg, 1892 accepted as Phormidium autumnale (C. Agardh) Trevisan ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus plantae (Brügg.) Forti, 1907
• Microcoleus polythrix Hansgirg ex Gomont, 1892 accepted as Trichocoleus polythrix (Hansgirg ex Gomont) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus polythrix Hansgirg, 1890 accepted as Trichocoleus polythrix (Hansgirg ex Gomont) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus publicus (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium publicum Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus purpureus Gardner, 1927
• Microcoleus repens (C. Agardh) Harvey, 1841
• Microcoleus retzii (C. Agardh) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium retzii (C. Agardh) Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus rupestris (C. Agardh) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Oscillatoria rupestris C. Agardh ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus rupicola (Tilden) F.E. Drouet
• Microcoleus rushfortii Johansen & Casamatta, 2005
• Microcoleus salinus (Kützing) Montagne, 1851
• Microcoleus sampaianus Sampaio
• Microcoleus sanctae-crucis Frémy, 1939 accepted as Trichocoleus sanctae-crucis (Frémy) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus sanitaecrucis Fremy
• Microcoleus sikkimensis Santra
• Microcoleus sinensis Jao
• Microcoleus sociatus W. West & G.S. West, 1897 accepted as Trichocoleus sociatus (W. West & G.S. West) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus steenstrupii J.B. Petersen, 1928
• Microcoleus subandinus Schwabe
• Microcoleus subtorulosus (Brébisson) Gomont ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus subtorulosus (Brébisson) Gomont, 1890
• Microcoleus tenerimus Gomont
• Microcoleus tenerrimus Gomont, 1892 accepted as Schizothrix tenerrima (Gomont) F.E. Drouet, 1968
• Microcoleus terestris
• Microcoleus thermalis Vouk, 1916 accepted as Trichocoleus thermalis (Vouk) Anagnostidis, 2001
• Microcoleus thinoderma (Kützing) Rabenhorst, 1847 accepted as Phormidium thinoderma Kützing ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus thomensis Sampaio
• Microcoleus tisserantii Frémy, 1930
• Microcoleus tisserentii Frémy
• Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont ex Gomont, 1892
• Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont, 1890
• Microcoleus vermicularis (Kützing) Hauck, 1885 accepted as Blennothrix vermicularis Kützing ex Gomont, 1892