• Xanthidium Delpino, 1871 accepted as Ambrosia Linnaeus, 1753 [Family: Asteraceae]
• Xanthidium Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848 [Family: Desmidiaceae]
• Xanthidium Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Xanthidium Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848 [Family: Desmidiaceae]
• Xanthidium Robertson, 1903 (uncertain) [Family: Hymenoptera (awaiting allocation)]
• Xanthidium acanthophorum Nordstedt, 1880
• Xanthidium aculeatum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848
• Xanthidium alpinum Schmidle
• Xanthidium amazonense A.M. Scott & H.T. Croasdale
• Xanthidium angulatum (W. Joshua) M. Hirano, 1957
• Xanthidium angulatum (W. Joshua) N.G. Lagerheim, 1887
• Xanthidium antelopaeum
• Xanthidium anthilopaeum
• Xanthidium antilipoeum
• Xanthidium antilopaeum (Brébisson) Kützing, 1849
• Xanthidium antilopeum
• Xanthidium antilopoeum
• Xanthidium apiculatum (Joshua) Hirano
• Xanthidium apiculiferum W. West, 1892
• Xanthidium aralense I.A. Kisselev
• Xanthidium arctiscon Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848 accepted as Staurastrum arctiscon (Ehrenberg ex Ralfs) P. Lundell, 1871
• Xanthidium armatum Brébisson ex Ralfs, 1848
• Xanthidium artiscon Ehrenberg ex J. Ralfs
• Xanthidium bangweuluense K. Thomasson
• Xanthidium basidentatum (Børgesen) P.F.M. Coesel, 1993
• Xanthidium bengalicum W.B. Turner
• Xanthidium bicornutum Reinsch
• Xanthidium bifidum (Brébisson) Deflandre, 1929
• Xanthidium bifurcatum Borge
• Xanthidium bigorrianum (Perty) Rabenhorst
• Xanthidium bisenarium Ehrenberg
• Xanthidium borgei (K. Thomasson) K. Förster
• Xanthidium botanicum Playfair accepted as Xanthidium simplicius Nordstedt, 1887
• Xanthidium brachiolatum Möbius
• Xanthidium brebissonii Ralfs, 1848
• Xanthidium brevicorne W.B. Turner
• Xanthidium brevinasutum Thomasson
• Xanthidium brevispinum F.E. Fritsch
• Xanthidium bulbosum Ehrenberg
• Xanthidium burkilii W. West & G.S. West
• Xanthidium burkillii W. West & G.S. West
• Xanthidium calcarato-aculeatum (Hieronymus) Schmidle
• Xanthidium canadense Joshua
• Xanthidium caulfieldii Scott ex Croasdale
• Xanthidium cecoratum F.E. Fritsch & M.F. Rich
• Xanthidium ceylanicum W. West & G.S. West
• Xanthidium chalubisnkii B. Eichler & M. Raciborski
• Xanthidium colmbianum F. Wolle
• Xanthidium concinnum W. Archer, 1883
• Xanthidium controversum W. West & G.S. West, 1898
• Xanthidium convergens (Ehrenberg) G.B. Delponte
• Xanthidium coogeeanum Playfair accepted as Xanthidium armatum Brébisson ex Ralfs, 1848
• Xanthidium coronatum Ehrenberg
• Xanthidium coronatum J. Pavillard
• Xanthidium cosmariforme W.B. Turner
• Xanthidium crassipes Ehrenberg ex J. Ralfs
• Xanthidium crassipes H.H. White
• Xanthidium cristatum Brébisson ex Ralfs, 1848
• Xanthidium croasdalianum G.R. Hegde
• Xanthidium decemdenticulatum Playfair
• Xanthidium delitiense Ehrenberg
• Xanthidium depauperatum (W. West & G.S. West) K. Förster
• Xanthidium didymum K.E. Eichwald
• Xanthidium difforme Ehrenberg
• Xanthidium dilatatum Nordstedt, 1887
• Xanthidium echinatum H.T. Croasdale
• Xanthidium echinus Ehrenberg
• Xanthidium eckertii K. Förster
• Xanthidium eximium W.B. Turner
• Xanthidium fasciculatum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848
• Xanthidium fimbriatum H.H. White
• Xanthidium forcipatum Borge
• Xanthidium formae
• Xanthidium fragile O.F. Borge
• Xanthidium freemanii W. West & G.S. West
• Xanthidium freemanni
• Xanthidium furcatum Ehrenberg, 1834 † accepted as Hystrichosphaera furcata (Ehrenberg) O. Wetzel, 1933 †
• Xanthidium gerloffii A. Couté & Tell
• Xanthidium glabrum (N.G. Lagerheim) N.G. Lagerheim
• Xanthidium globosum H.H. White
• Xanthidium gloriosum G.S. West accepted as Micrasterias anomala W.B. Turner
• Xanthidium gotlandicum R.L. Grönblad
• Xanthidium groenlandicum R. Boldt
• Xanthidium hastiferum G.S. West, 1892
• Xanthidium hastiferum W.B. Turner
• Xanthidium hebridarum (W. West & G.S. West) K. Förster
• Xanthidium heimii P. Bourrelly
• Xanthidium helenae G.E. Huber-Pestalozzi
• Xanthidium heteracanthum N.G. Lagerheim
• Xanthidium hexacanthum W.B. Turner
• Xanthidium hexagonum Playfair
• Xanthidium hirsutum Ehrenberg
• Xanthidium horridum Skuja
• Xanthidium hystrix Cleve
• Xanthidium impar (J.P. Jacobsen) G. Deflandre, 1929
• Xanthidium inchoatum Nordstedt, 1887
• Xanthidium inconspicuum W. West & G.S. West
• Xanthidium indicum N.G. Lagerheim
• Xanthidium ineptum W.B. Turner
• Xanthidium intermedium Maskell, 1889
• Xanthidium japonicum M. Hirano