• Xylaria Hill ex Greville, 1823 accepted as Cordyceps E.M. Fries, 1824 [Family: Cordycipitaceae]
• Xylaria Hill ex Schrank, 1789 [Family: Xylariaceae]
• Xylaria J. Hill ex S.F. Gray, 1821 (unaccepted) [Family: Ascomycota incertae sedis]
• Xylaria annulipes (Mont.) Sacc., 1882 accepted as Batistia annulipes (Mont.) Cif., 1958
• Xylaria apiculata Cooke, 1879
• Xylaria arbuscula Sacc., 1878
• Xylaria bulbosa (Pers.) Berk. & Broome, 1860
• Xylaria carpophila (Pers.) Fr., 1849
• Xylaria cerebrina (Fée) Sacc., 1882 accepted as Neohypodiscus cerebrinus (Fée) J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju & Laessøe, 1994
• Xylaria clavulata (Schwein.) Berk. & M.A. Curtis, 1868 accepted as Cordyceps clavulata (Schwein.) Ellis & Everh., 1892
• Xylaria coccineum (Bull.) anon. ined. accepted as Hypoxylon fragiforme (Pers.) J. Kickx f., 1835
• Xylaria coenopus (Fr.) Berk. & M.A. Curtis, 1853 accepted as Kretzschmaria clavus (Fr.) Sacc., 1883
• Xylaria compuncta (Jungh.) Berk. accepted as Penzigia compuncta (Jungh.) Sacc. & Paol., 1888
• Xylaria corniformis (Fr.) Fr., 1849
• Xylaria cornu-damae (Schwein.) Berk., 1873
• Xylaria corrugata Har. & Pat., 1903 accepted as Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev., 1824
• Xylaria culleniae Berk. & Broome, 1873
• Xylaria digitata (L.) Grev., 1825
• Xylaria enteroleuca (Speg.) P.M.D. Martin, 1970
• Xylaria filiformis (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., 1849
• Xylaria fioriana Sacc., 1910
• Xylaria flabelliformis (Schwein.) Berk. & M.A. Curtis, 1868 accepted as Xylocoremium flabelliforme (Schwein.) J.D. Rogers, 1984
• Xylaria friesii Laessøe, 1992
• Xylaria frustulosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Cooke, 1883 accepted as Sarawakus frustulosus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, 1998
• Xylaria fuciformis (Berk.) Sacc., 1882 accepted as Laetisaria fuciformis (McAlpine) Burds., 1979
• Xylaria gracilis Grev., 1824 accepted as Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) Durieu & Mont., 1849
• Xylaria grammica (Mont.) Mont., 1851
• Xylaria guepinii (Fr.) Ces., 1851
• Xylaria hippotrichoides (Sowerby) Sacc., 1882
• Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev., 1824
• Xylaria longipes Nitschke, 1867
• Xylaria mali Fromme, 1928
• Xylaria mellisii Berk. ex Cooke, 1883
• Xylaria militaris (L.) Gray, 1821 accepted as Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link, 1833
• Xylaria obovata (Berk.) Berk., 1851 accepted as Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev., 1824
• Xylaria oxyacanthae Tul. & C. Tul., 1863
• Xylaria pedunculata (Dicks.) Fr., 1849 accepted as Podosordaria pedunculata (Dicks.) Dennis, 1978
• Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev., 1824
• Xylaria puiggarii Speg., 1881 accepted as Kretzschmaria clavus (Fr.) Sacc., 1883
• Xylaria rhopaloides (Kunze) Mont., 1855
• Xylaria rugosa Sacc., 1906 accepted as Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev., 1824
• Xylaria sicula Pass. & Beltr.
• Xylaria tulasnei Nitschke, 1867 accepted as Podosordaria tulasnei (Nitschke) Dennis, 1957
• Xylaria vaporaria Berk., 1864
• Xylariaceae
• Xylariales
• Xylariales incertae sedis
• Xylariasporites D. Mukherjee, 2012 † accepted as Hypoxylonites W.C. Elsik, 1990 †