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IRMNG taxon detailsGrypania M.R. Walter, J.H. Oehler & D.Z. Oehler, 1976 †
Sangshuania R. Du, L. Tian & H. Li, 1986 † · unaccepted
marine,
fossil only
Walter, M. R.; Oehler, J. H.; Oehler, D. Z. (1976). Megascopic Algae 1300 million years old from the Belt Supergroup, Montana: a reinterpretation of Walcott's Helminthoidichnites. <em>Journal of Paleontology.</em> 50(5): 872-881., available online at https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303584 [details]
Taxonomic remark A tube-shaped fossil from the Proterozoic eon, considered a possible early eukaryote (described as fossil alga); other...
Taxonomic remark A tube-shaped fossil from the Proterozoic eon, considered a possible early eukaryote (described as fossil alga); other workers have suggested it may represent a giant bacterium or a bacterial colony. Hoffmann, 1994 lists Helminthoidichnites Fitch, 1849 as a synonym, in error (only one species previously assigned to that genus has been moved to Grypania). From Wang et al., 2016: Grypania has been commonly regarded as a eukaryotic macroalga (e.g., Walter et al. 1976, 1990, Hofmann 1985, 1992, Runnegar 1991, Han & Runnegar 1992, Samuelsson & Butterfield 2001, Niu 1998, Sun et al. 2006, Knoll et al. 2006, Butterfield 2009, Sharma & Shukla 2009c, Xiao 2013, Wang et al. 2014) but alternative interpretations have been proposed: (1) pseudofossil (Horodyski 1986), (2) prokaryote (Vidal 1989, Niu 1998, 2002), (3) cyanobacteria (Kumar 1995), (4) trace fossil (Walcott 1899, Mathur 1983, Du & Tian 1985, Yan & Liu 1998), (5) probable metazoan (Tandon & Kumar 1977, Chen 1989, Chen et al. 2000) and (6) uncertain affiliation (Du et al. 1986, Chen 1999, Sharma & Shukla 2009a, Shi et al. 2014). Most commonly, the large ribbon-like form of Grypania has been regarded to reflect a photosynthetic organism (Walter et al. 1990, Sharma & Shukla 2009c, Payne et al. 2011). [details]
IRMNG (2021). Grypania M.R. Walter, J.H. Oehler & D.Z. Oehler, 1976 †. Accessed at: https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11907094 on 2025-03-13
original description
Walter, M. R.; Oehler, J. H.; Oehler, D. Z. (1976). Megascopic Algae 1300 million years old from the Belt Supergroup, Montana: a reinterpretation of Walcott's Helminthoidichnites. <em>Journal of Paleontology.</em> 50(5): 872-881., available online at https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303584 [details]
basis of record Taylor, T. N.; Taylor, E. L.; Krings, M. (2009). Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Second Edition. Academic Press, 1252 pp. , available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780123739728 [details] additional source Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Tang, F.; Zhao, M. (2020). Ediacaran macroalgal holdfasts and their evolution: a case study from China. <em>Palaeontology.</em> 63(5): 821-840., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12485 [details] additional source Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Du, W. (2016). The long-ranging macroalga <i>Grypania spiralis</i> from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou, South China. <em>Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology.</em> 40(3): 303-312., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2016.1127725 [details] verified source for family Hoffmann, H. J. (1994). Proterozoic Carbonaceous Compressions (“Metaphytes” and “Worms”). Pp. 342-357 in Nobel Symposium 84 Staff and Stefan Bengtson (eds): Early Life on Earth. Columbia University Press. [details] current name source Taylor, T. N.; Taylor, E. L.; Krings, M. (2009). Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Second Edition. Academic Press, 1252 pp. , available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780123739728 [details] extant flag source Taylor, T. N.; Taylor, E. L.; Krings, M. (2009). Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Second Edition. Academic Press, 1252 pp. , available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780123739728 [details] Unreviewed
Taxonomic remark A tube-shaped fossil from the Proterozoic eon, considered a possible early eukaryote (described as fossil alga); other workers have suggested it may represent a giant bacterium or a bacterial colony. Hoffmann, 1994 lists Helminthoidichnites Fitch, 1849 as a synonym, in error (only one species previously assigned to that genus has been moved to Grypania). From Wang et al., 2016: Grypania has been commonly regarded as a eukaryotic macroalga (e.g., Walter et al. 1976, 1990, Hofmann 1985, 1992, Runnegar 1991, Han & Runnegar 1992, Samuelsson & Butterfield 2001, Niu 1998, Sun et al. 2006, Knoll et al. 2006, Butterfield 2009, Sharma & Shukla 2009c, Xiao 2013, Wang et al. 2014) but alternative interpretations have been proposed: (1) pseudofossil (Horodyski 1986), (2) prokaryote (Vidal 1989, Niu 1998, 2002), (3) cyanobacteria (Kumar 1995), (4) trace fossil (Walcott 1899, Mathur 1983, Du & Tian 1985, Yan & Liu 1998), (5) probable metazoan (Tandon & Kumar 1977, Chen 1989, Chen et al. 2000) and (6) uncertain affiliation (Du et al. 1986, Chen 1999, Sharma & Shukla 2009a, Shi et al. 2014). Most commonly, the large ribbon-like form of Grypania has been regarded to reflect a photosynthetic organism (Walter et al. 1990, Sharma & Shukla 2009c, Payne et al. 2011). [details]
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