Between brackets is the number of accepted species
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- Biota
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Archaea
- Kingdom Bacteria
- Kingdom Chromista
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae
- Phylum Acritarcha †
- Phylum Algae (awaiting allocation)
- Phylum Algae incertae sedis
- Phylum Anthocerotophyta
- Phylum Bryophyta
- Phylum Calcitarcha †
- Phylum Charophyta
- Class Charophyceae
- Class Chlorokybophyceae
- Class Coleochaetophyceae
- Class Conjugatophyceae accepted as Zygnematophyceae
- Class Klebsormidiophyceae
- Class Mesostigmatophyceae
- Class Zygnematophyceae
- Order Desmidiales
- Family Closteriaceae Bessey, 1907
- Family Desmidiaceae Kützing, 1833 ex Ralfs, 1845
- Genus Actinodontum S. Alfinito & P.F.M. Coesel, 2013
- Genus Actinotaenium (Nägeli) Schellenberg, 1897
- Genus Allorgeia L. Gauthier-Lièvre, 1958
- Genus Amblyactinium (Nägeli) Cramer in Rabenhorst, 1863
- Genus Amscottia Groenblad, 1954
- Genus Aptogonum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848 accepted as Desmidium C.A. Agardh ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Arthrodesmus Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848 accepted as Staurodesmus Teiling, 1948
- Genus Arthrorhabdium C.G. Ehrenberg, 1869
- Genus Asteroxanthium F.T. Kützing, 1849
- Genus Astrocosmium Stockmayer, 1888
- Genus Baccinellula Weyland, 1963 †
- Genus Bambusina Kützing ex Kützing, 1849
- Genus Bourrellyodesmus Compère, 1977
- Genus Brachytheca A.A. Gontcharov & M. Watanabe, 1999
- Genus Calocylindrus (C. Nägeli) O. Kirchner, 1878 accepted as Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Closterimopsis L.M. Yin & Z.P. Li, 1978 †
- Genus Colpopelta Corda, 1834 accepted as Actinotaenium (Nägeli) Schellenberg, 1897
- Genus Cosmaridium F. Gay, 1884
- Genus Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Cosmoastrum G.M. Palamar'-Mordvintseva, 1976 accepted as Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Cosmocladium Brébisson, 1856
- Genus Cosmostaurastrum F.E. Fritsch, 1953
- Genus Croasdalea C.E.M. Bicudo & C.T.J. Mercante, 1993
- Genus Cruciangulum D.B. Williamson, 1999
- Genus Cylindriastrum (W.B. Turner) G.M. Palamar'-Mordvintseva, 1976
- Genus Desmidium C.A. Agardh ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Desmidopsis L.M. Yin & Z.P. Li, 1978 †
- Genus Dichotomum W. West & G.S. West, 1896
- Genus Dictyocystis Lagerheim, 1890 accepted as Cosmocladium Brébisson, 1856
- Genus Didymidium P.F. Reinsch, 1867
- Genus Didymocladon J. Ralfs, 1848 accepted as Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Didymoprium Kützing ex J. Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Disphinctium Nägeli, 1849 accepted as Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Docidiopsis M. Raciborski, 1889
- Genus Docidium Brébisson ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Dysphinctium Nägeli, 1849 accepted as Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Echinella Acharius in F. Weber & D.M.H. Mohr, 1810
- Genus Euastridium W. West & G.S. West, 1907
- Genus Euastrum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Eucosmium (Nägeli) Cedergren, 1933 accepted as Euastrum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Glaeoprium Berkeley, MS.
- Genus Groenbladia Teiling, 1952
- Genus Gymnodesmus Trevisan, 1848
- Genus Gymnozyga Ehrenberg ex Kützing, 1849 accepted as Bambusina Kützing ex Kützing, 1849
- Genus Haplotaenium T. Bando, 1988
- Genus Haplozyga (C.F.O. Nordstedt) M. Raciborski, 1895
- Genus Heimansia Coesel, 1993
- Genus Hexasterias Ehrenberg ex Agassiz, 1843 accepted as Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Holacanthum (P.M. Lundell) N. Wille in Engler & Prantl, 1890
- Genus Holocystis Hassall ex Wallich, 1876
- Genus Hoplozyga (C.F.O. Nordstedt) M. Raciborski, 1895
- Genus Hyalotheca Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Ichthyocercus W. West & G.S. West, 1897
- Genus Ichthyodontum A.M. Scott & G.W. Prescott, 1956
- Genus Isthmosira Kützing, 1945
- Genus Leptozosma W.B. Turner, 1885 accepted as Desmidium C.A. Agardh ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Leuronema G.C. Wallich, 1860
- Genus Mateola R. Salisbury, 1936
- Species Mateola acutiloba R. Salisbury, 1936
- Species Mateola curvata (Nordstedt) Scott & Grönblad, 1957
- Species Mateola curvata (Nordstedt) P.F.M. Coesel, 1997
- Genus Mesotrema A.J.C. Corda, 1839
- Genus Micrasterias C.A. Agardh ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Nothocosmarium Raciborski, 1889 accepted as Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Octacanthium (Hansgirg) P. Compère, 1996 accepted as Staurodesmus Teiling, 1948
- Genus Onychonema G.C. Wallich, 1860
- Genus Oocardium Nägeli, 1849
- Genus Oöcardium C. Nägeli, 1849 represented as Oocardium Nägeli, 1849
- Genus Pachyphorium G.M. Palamar-Mordintseva, 1980 accepted as Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Peniella Beck-Mannagetta, 1927
- Genus Pentasterias Ehrenberg, 1836 accepted as Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Phycastrum Kützing ex Kützing, 1849
- Genus Phymatodocis Nordstedt, 1877
- Genus Pithiscus Kützing, 1849
- Genus Pleurenterium (P.M. Lundell) G. Lagerheim, 1888 accepted as Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Pleurosicyos A.K.J. Corda ex O. Kuntze, 1898
- Genus Pleurotaeniopsis (P.M. Lundell) G. Lagerheim, 1887
- Genus Pleurotaenium Nägeli, 1849
- Genus Polysolenia C.G. Ehrenberg ex F.T. Kützing, 1849
- Genus Prescottiella C.E.M. Bicudo, 1976
- Genus Raphidiastrum Palamar-Mordvintseva, 1976
- Genus Schizacanthum (P.M. Lundell) N. Wille in Engler & Prantl, 1890
- Genus Scottia Grönblad, 1954 accepted as Amscottia Groenblad, 1954
- Genus Sphaerozosma Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Spinocosmarium G.W. Prescott & A.M. Scott, 1942
- Genus Spondylosium Brébisson ex Kützing, 1849
- Genus Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Stauroceras Kützing ex Kützing, 1849
- Genus Staurodesmus Teiling, 1948
- Genus Stehanoxanthium F.T. Kützing, 1849
- Genus Stenixys T.M. Harris, 1938 †
- Genus Stephanoxanthium Kützing, 1849
- Genus Strephocystis Corda, 1839 accepted as Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Streptonema Wallich, 1860
- Genus Teilingia Bourrelly, 1964
- Genus Temperea Bougon, 1896
- Genus Tessararthra C.G. Ehrenberg ex A. Braun, 1855
- Genus Tessarthonia Turpin, 1828 accepted as Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Tetmemorus Ralfs ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Tetrachastrum R.V. Dixon, 1859
- Genus Trapezodesmus Kufferath, 1932
- Genus Trigonocystis Hassall, 1845
- Genus Triplastrum Iyengar & Ramanathan, 1942
- Genus Triploceras J.W. Bailey, 1851
- Genus Ursinella O. Kuntze, 1891
- Genus Vincularia K. Fuciková & J. Kastovsky, 2009
- Genus Xanthidiastrum Delponte
- Genus Xanthidium Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Xanthidium Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Xanthidium Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848
- Genus Zygoxanthium C.G. Ehrenberg ex F.T. Kützing, 1849 accepted as Xanthidium Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1848
- Family Gonatozygaceae
- Family Peniaceae Haeckel, 1894
- Order Spirogloeales
- Order Zygnematales
- Phylum Chlorophyta
- Phylum Eophyta †
- Phylum Glaucophyta
- Phylum Gymnospermophyta accepted as Tracheophyta
- Phylum Horneophyta †
- Phylum Magnoliophyta accepted as Tracheophyta
- Phylum Marchantiophyta
- Phylum Picozoa
- Phylum Plantae (awaiting allocation)
- Phylum Prasinodermatophyta
- Phylum Pteridophyta accepted as Tracheophyta
- Phylum Rhodelphidia
- Phylum Rhodophyta
- Phylum Sporae dispersae †
- Phylum Tracheophyta
- Phylum Vendophyta † accepted as Algae incertae sedis
- Class Nematophyceae † accepted as Nematophyta †
- Kingdom Protista accepted as Protozoa
- Kingdom Protozoa
- Kingdom Viruses
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