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IRMNG taxon detailsHyolitha †
marine,
fossil only
Not documented
Taxonomic remark Treated as a phylum in Runnegar, 1980 and PaleoBioDB (2017); other sources treat as an extinct class of Mollusca (treated...
Taxonomic remark Treated as a phylum in Runnegar, 1980 and PaleoBioDB (2017); other sources treat as an extinct class of Mollusca (treated in Benton as a class, questionably assigned to Mollusca incertae sedis). Work by Moysiuk et al., 2017 indicated an affinity with the lophophorates (brachiopods, phoronids and tommotiids) rather than with the molluscs, although Liu et al., 2019 preferred a position in Lophotrochozoa, while Li et al. (2020, 2022) instead propose an affinity with Mollusca. [details]
IRMNG (2021). Hyolitha †. Accessed at: https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1400 on 2024-04-16
Date action by
basis of record
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp.
note: as Class, refer note [details] additional source Marek, L.; Yochelson, E. L. (1976). Aspects of the biology of Hyolitha (Mollusca). <em>Lethaia.</em> 9(1): 65-82., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1976.tb00952.x [details] additional source Runnegar, B. (1980). Hyolitha: status of the phylum. <em>Lethaia.</em> 13(1): 21-25., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1980.tb01025.x [details] additional source Moysiuk, J.; Smith, M. R.; Caron, J.-B. (2017). Hyoliths are Palaeozoic lophophorates. <em>Nature.</em> 541(7637): 394-397., available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20804 note: classifies as lophophorates [details] additional source Liu, F.; Skovsted, C. B.; Topper, T. P.; Zhang, Z.; Shu, D. (2019). Are hyoliths Palaeozoic lophophorates?. <em>National Science Review.</em> 7(2): 453-469., available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz161 note: classifies as lophotrochozoans [details] additional source Li, L.; Skovsted, C. B.; Yun, H.; Betts, M. J.; Zhang, X. (2020). New insight into the soft anatomy and shell microstructures of early Cambrian orthothecids (Hyolitha). <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.</em> 287(1933): 20201467., available online at https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1467 note: classifies as Mollusca [details] additional source Li, L.; Skovsted, C. B.; Topper, T. (2022). Deep origin of the crossedâlamellar microstructure in early Cambrian molluscs. <em>Palaeontology.</em> 65(4): e12620., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12620 note: classifies as molluscs [details] additional source Sun, H.; Smith, M. R.; Zeng, H.; Zhao, F.; Li, G.; Zhu, M. (2018). Hyoliths with pedicles illuminate the origin of the brachiopod body plan. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.</em> 285(1887): 20181780., available online at https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1780 note: classifies as stem-group brachiopods [details] extant flag source Web search [details] habitat flag source Web search [details] From other sources
Taxonomic remark Treated as a phylum in Runnegar, 1980 and PaleoBioDB (2017); other sources treat as an extinct class of Mollusca (treated in Benton as a class, questionably assigned to Mollusca incertae sedis). Work by Moysiuk et al., 2017 indicated an affinity with the lophophorates (brachiopods, phoronids and tommotiids) rather than with the molluscs, although Liu et al., 2019 preferred a position in Lophotrochozoa, while Li et al. (2020, 2022) instead propose an affinity with Mollusca. [details]
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