Previously listed as order, treated as class in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Last author surname given in Nomen. Zool. and ION as Larissa Arroyo; Arroyo appears correct cf. other sources. [details]

Non-typified name: listed in quotation marks ("Angiospermae") in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

In older treatments e.g. Parker (1982) this kingdom included Protozoa, the latter currently considered to comprise ... [details]

Upgraded to phylum status in IRMNG to follow Ruggiero et al., 2015; previously treated as a class (Anthocerotopsida) ... [details]

On its discovery, this group was initially treated as a sub-group of Bacteria and named Archaebacteria; as ... [details]

Order as used in Ruggiero et al., 2015 and elsewhere, however AlgaeBase (2020 version) places Ardissoneaceae in ... [details]

Treated by some recent authorities, and Ruggiero et al., 2015, as a subclass of Reptilia; maintained as class at the ... [details]

Ruggiero et al., 2015, consider the diatoms to be at class level (Bacillariophyceae) within a broader phylum ... [details]

Excludes Archaebacteria, now in separate kingdom Archaea; includes Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta, included in the algae in ... [details]

From 2018 in IRMNG, phylum Bryophyta is used in its restricted sense, i.e. excluding former classes ... [details]

Replaced by the name Carpomonadea in Cavalier-Smith, 2013; that spelling currently used in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Previously a class within Chlorophyta. Originally just including the macroscopic stoneworts (Charales), Mattox and ... [details]

Name used in preference to Volvocales in Ruggiero et al., 2015, also in current use in WoRMS (2017) and AlgaeBase ... [details]

Green protists, originally treated as algae (Chlorarachniophyta), now placed with other related protists in phylum ... [details]

Historically treated as a class, with two subclasses Elasmobranchii and Holocephali (as per Nelson et al. 5th ed., ... [details]

Previously treated as one of three orders within the (now abandoned) class Entognatha; subsequently raised to class ... [details]

Authority as given in Moestrup & Daugbjerg, 2007; some sources ascribe this class name to Pascher, 1914 (author of ... [details]

Previously treated as one of three orders within the (now abandoned) class Entognatha; subsequently raised to class ... [details]

Treated as an accepted order in some sources, although Taylor et al., 2009 and Ruggiero et al., 2015 treat all ... [details]

Previously treated as a class or phylum along with Lycopsida (Lycopodiopsida); more recently incorporated within ... [details]

This class is called Euglenidea in zoological nomenclature and Euglenophyceae in botanical nomenclature; Ruggiero et ... [details]

This class is called Euglenidea in zoological nomenclature and Euglenophyceae in botanical nomenclature; Ruggiero et ... [details]

Phylum name repeated at infrakingdom level within Eozoa in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Previously treated as phylum, now a subphylum of Retaria according to the treatment of Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Although once classified as plants, in recent decades Fungi have been recognised as their own kingdom, more closely ... [details]

Use in IRMNG follows Ruggiero et al., 2015, in which the single order Gnetales is used for all extant gnetophytes ... [details]

Treated with botanical spelling in IRMNG (as per included family, Goniomonadaceae), cf. zoological spelling ... [details]

Botanical spelling of this class, preferred by some authors; IRMNG presently follows Ruggiero et al., 2015 who use ... [details]

Non-typified name: listed in quotation marks ("Gymmospermae") in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Original spelling: Heterokontae. [details]

The original genus spelling Kathablepharis Skuja, 1939 has been emended to Katablepharis in botany but not in ... [details]

The original genus spelling Kathablepharis Skuja, 1939 has been emended to Katablepharis in botany but not in ... [details]

The original genus spelling Kathablepharis Skuja, 1939 has been emended to Katablepharis in botany but not in ... [details]

The original genus spelling Kathablepharis Skuja, 1939 has been emended to Katablepharis in botany but not in ... [details]

No longer recognised at class level; monocotyledons (former class Liliopsida) are recognised as a superorder in ... [details]

In the Cronquist system, the class Magnoliopsida was used to include only dicotyledons, monocots being in the class ... [details]

Upgraded to phylum status in IRMNG to follow Ruggiero et al., 2015; previously treated as a class (Hepaticopsida) ... [details]

Treated in Ruggiero et al. as in class Metchnikovellea, order Microsporidia (in Protozoa); present IRMNG ... [details]

Originally described as order (Microsporidies) and treated as a phylum in Protozoa by Cavalier-Smith and Ruggiero ... [details]

Phylum name introduced by Cavalier-Smith, 1987; replaced by "Myzozoa" for descriptive purposes by Cavalier-Smith & ... [details]

Phylum erected to contain the dubious species Salinella salve (previously Mesozoa), not seen since its original ... [details]

Listed as a class in Adl et al. (?=Myxogastrea), retained as a subclass of Myxogastrea in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Microscopic parasites of fish and some other organisms originally treated as protozoa, subsequently recognised as a ... [details]

Type genus Notocirrus Faubel, 1983 is invalid (junior homonym) according to Özdikmen, 2010, replacement family ... [details]

Original rank: phylum; treated as superclass in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Previously listed as a class, currently a subclass in the treatment of Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Listed in Ruggiero et al., 2015 as preferred designation for this taxon, appears to be a nomen novum for Picophagea ... [details]

Order Pinales is presently used in IRMNG in the sense of Ruggiero et al., 2015, i.e. includes Araucariales and ... [details]

Reduced to a subclass (Pinguiophycidae) of Dictyochophyceae by Cavalier-Smith, 2006, however subsequently treated ... [details]

The scope of "Plantae" has varied through time. In the present treatment, following Ruggiero et al., 2015, this ... [details]

Polycystina and Polycystinea are alternative names for the same taxon; Polycystinea is the preferred spelling in ... [details]

Polycystina and Polycystinea are alternative names for the same taxon; Polycystinea is the preferred spelling in ... [details]

Priapula and Priapulida are alternative names for the same taxon; the latter is in more common use but Priapula is ... [details]

Priapula and Priapulida are alternative names for the same taxon; the latter is in more common use but Priapula is ... [details]

Kingdom Protista in other classifications is represented in Ruggiero et al., 2105 by kingdoms Protozoa plus Chromista. [details]

As subkingdom of Animalia in older treatments (including Parker, 1982). Present IRMNG treatment follows Ruggiero et ... [details]

Previously treated as one of three orders within the (now abandoned) class Entognatha; subsequently raised to class ... [details]

Listed as "Pseudofungi [= Oomycota]" in Ruggiero et al., 2015; treated as Pseudofungi in IRMNG this time (since it ... [details]

Radiolaria, variously treated as a subclass or order, were raised to a subphylum by Cavalier-Smith (1993), with the ... [details]

Treated as protozoan (zoological nomenclature) by Ruggiero et al., 2015 and Index Fungorum (2019 version), however ... [details]

Phyla Sagenista and Bigyra were created by Cavalier-Smith as non-photosynthetic groupings of heterokonts, Bigyra is ... [details]

LPSN (2018 version) gives both "Spirochaetes" and "Spirochaetae" as alternative names for this phylum; Ruggiero et ... [details]

This name variously used at phylum rank (=Apicomplexa) and lower (infraphylum, superclass, class); currently listed ... [details]

Takakia and its family Takakiaceae were originally described as liverworts; current placement is with the mosses in ... [details]

Takakia and its family Takakiaceae were originally described as liverworts; current placement is with the mosses in ... [details]

Phylum not recognised by Ruggiero et al., 2015, who place class Telonemea in an unnamed phylum within subkingdom ... [details]

No longer used at order level; its two former constituent suborders, Archaeognatha and Zygentoma, are considered to ... [details]

Use as in Ruggiero et al., 2015; replaces/subsumes entities previously recognised at phylum/Division level i.e. ... [details]

Synonym is Tunicata in other classifications, Urochordata is preferred in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Listed in class Entorrhizomycetes in Ruggiero et al., 2015, however current treatments e.g. Index Fungorum (2019) ... [details]

Class not recognised by Ruggiero et al., 2015, who place order Wallemiales in Entorrhizomycetes, however current ... [details]

Treated within its own order Welwitschiales in some sources, although Taylor et al., 2009 and Ruggiero et al., 2015 ... [details]

Treated as an accepted order in some sources, although Taylor et al., 2009 and Ruggiero et al., 2015 treat all ... [details]

Originally erected as phylum; treated as a subphylum of Xenacoelomorpha in Ruggiero et al., 2015. [details]

Considered to be paraphyletic on molecular evidence and its contents reassigned to other phyla in recent treatments ... [details]